Snowpack permittivity profile retrieval from tomographic SAR data

This work deals with 3D structure characterization and permittivity profile retrieval of snowpacks by tomographic SAR data processing. The acquisition system is a very high resolution ground based SAR system, developed and operated by the SAPHIR team, of IETR, University of Rennes-1 (France). It consists mainly of a vector network analyser and a multi-static antenna system, moving along two orthogonal directions, so as to obtain a two-dimensional synthetic array. Data were acquired during the AlpSAR campaign carried by the European Space Agency and led by ENVEO. In this study, tomographic imaging is performed using Time Domain Back Projection and consists in coherently combining the different recorded backscatter contributions. The assumption of free-space propagation during the focusing process is discussed and illustrated by focusing experimental data. An iterative method for estimating true refractive indices of the snow layers is presented. The antenna pattern is also compensated for. The obtained tomograms after refractive index correction are compared to the stratigraphy of the observed snowpack.     

X-ray tomography study on the structure of the granular random loose packing

Random loose packing is the minimum-density granular packing which can maintain mechanical stability. In this study, x-ray tomography is used to investigate the internal structure of an isotropically prepared random loose packing through a special apparatus to minimize the effect of gravity. It is found that the minimum packing density is around 0.587.The microscopic structural analysis of the packing is also carried out.     

Lorentz force electrical impedance tomography using pulse compression technique

Lorentz force electrical impedance tomography(LFEIT) combines ultrasound stimulation and electromagnetic field detection with the goal of creating a high contrast and high resolution hybrid imaging modality. In this study, pulse compression working together with a linearly frequency modulated ultrasound pulse was investigated in LFEIT. Experiments were done on agar phantoms having the same level of electrical conductivity as soft biological tissues. The results showed that:(i) LFEIT using pulse compression could detect the location of the electrical conductivity variations precisely;(ii)LFEIT using pulse compression could get the same performance of detecting electrical conductivity variations as the traditional LFEIT using high voltage narrow pulse but reduce the peak stimulating power to the transducer by 25.5 dB;(iii)axial resolution of 1 mm could be obtained using modulation frequency bandwidth 2 MHz.     

Atom probe tomography of size‐controlled phosphorus doped silicon nanocrystals

Doping of silicon nanocrystals is essential to control their electronic and optical properties. The incorporation of an impurity into a silicon nanovolume is a nontrivial task due to the self‐purification effect. Here, a systematic atom probe tomography study of the phosphorus distribution and incorporation in size‐controlled silicon nanocrystals embedded in silicon dioxide is presented. Qualitatively, it turns out that the phosphorus distribution in the system follows a universal, nanocrystal‐size independent trend: phosphorus‐enrichment at the interface with a substantial phosphorus‐incorporation in the silicon nanocrystal as small as 2 nm in diameter. This clearly contradicts strict self‐purification. These observations are explained by the bulk‐solubility and ‐segregation behaviour, kinetic effects related to the diffusion lengths, and nanoscale interface strain. The quantitative determination of the amount of phosphorus atoms per quantum dot enables a systematic understanding of phosphorus‐induced effects on optical and electronic properties of silicon nanovolumes.     

基于谱域相位分辨光学相干层析的纳米级表面形貌成像

提出了一种基于谱域相位分辨光学相干层析的纳米级表面形貌成像方法,由干涉光谱计算样品相邻两点的相位差,得到样品表面相位差分图,经过积分,重建样品表面形貌的定量分布.当相邻两点相位差的绝对值小于π,不产生相位包裹,避免了目前的干涉法相位解包裹存在的问题,将干涉法相邻两点相位差绝对值的限制条件由目前的π扩大到2π,提高了干涉法表面形貌成像的适用范围.参考面和样品置于同一平台之上,消除环境干扰及系统振动的影响,噪声幅度小于0.3 nm.通过对光学分辨率片及表面粗糙度标准样板的表面形貌成像,对本方法进行了验证,系统的轴向分辨率优于1 nm.     

Scattering correction method for panel detector based cone beam computed tomography system

<正>A scattering correction method for a panel detector based cone beam computed tomography system is presented. First,the x-ray spectrum of the system is acquired by using the Monte Carlo simulation method.Secondly,scattered photon distribution is calculated and stored as correction matrixes by using the Monte Carlo simulation method according to scanned objects and computed tomography system specialties.Thirdly,scattered photons are removed from projection data by correction matrixes.A comparison of reconstruction image between before and after scattering correction demonstrates that the scattering correction method is effective for the panel detector based cone beam computed tomography system.     

A multiresolution continuum simulation of the ductile fracture process

With the advancement in computational science that is stepping into the Exascale era and experimental techniques that enable rapid reconstruction of the 3D microstructure, quantitative microstructure simulations at an unprecedented fidelity level are giving rise to new possibilities for linking microstructure to property. This paper presents recent advances in 3D computational modeling of ductile fracture in high toughness steels. Ductile fracture involves several concurrent and mutually interactive mechanisms at multiple length scales of microstructure. With serial sectioning tomographic techniques, a digital dataset of microstructure features associated with the fracture process has been experimentally reconstructed. In this study, primary particles are accurately and explicitly modeled while the secondary particles are modeled by a two scale multiresolution continuum model. The present numerical simulation captures detailed characteristics of the fracture process, such as zigzag crack morphology, critical void growth ratios, local stress triaxiality variation, and intervoid ligament structure. For the first time, fracture toughness is linked to multiscale microstructures in a realistic large 3D model.     

基于非线性相位恢复的X射线相位衬度断层成像算法

对全息测量下的X射线相位衬度断层成像问题提出了一种新的重建算法．该算法的主要想法是利用牛顿迭代法求解非线性的相位恢复问题．我们证明了牛顿方向满足的线性方程是非适定的,并利用共轭梯度法得到方程的正则化解．最后利用模拟数据进行了数值实验,数值结果验证了算法的合理性以及对噪声数据的数值稳定性,同时通过与线性化相位恢复算法的数值结果比较说明了新算法对探测数据不要求限制在Fresnel区域的近场,适用范围更广．     

电磁层析成像(EMT):正问题的理论分析

基于感应原理的电磁层析成像(EMT)是一种新颖的工业过程成像技术。通过解析求解特定的两组分流成像正问题,导出了二维磁场分布的精确表达式,定量分析了传感器内部的物理机制和EMT技术的可检测性极限,建立了场灵敏度的直接数学表达式和灵敏度图。在一定程度上,为传感器的定量设计,EMT技术术的可检测性分析和两组分过程的图像重建提供了数理基础。     

融合点测量信息的光学层析方法

光学计算机层析术的困难在于不能得到足够的信息以完全确定探测目标,理论上,将先验知识融入层析术可以在一定程度上降低病态程度,而实际中场的一组孤立点的测量值是一种更为直接的可得信息。利用ＡＲＴ３算法对于含噪声、甚至部分的投影数据具有很好的鲁棒性,并且能友好地融合来自其他测量系统的信息的特点,提出一种利用点测量信息的自适应方法,避免了对重建过程引入原本不存在的高频信息,以及在迭代过程中对预期的低频分量的